Summary Topic 1 Social Sciences

SOCIAL STUDIES, TOPIC 1.

REPRESENTATIONS OF THE EARTH

Earth Globes

A Globe is a sphere that represents the planet Earth. In it we can see imaginary lines that represent:

• Equator: imaginary line that divides the Earth in two halves.
• Poles: North and South. They are in opposite extremes of the central axis.
• Central axis: imaginary line from North Pole to South Pole.
•  

Cartography and maps

Cartography is the science of making maps. Maps are pictures of places. So as to make a map we follow the next steps:

1)     Collecting data: artificial satellites give us different data from the Earth.

2)     Making the map: use of the data so as to draw the map.

Types of maps:

 

a)     Physical: geography (mountains, rivers…

b)     Political: countries, states, Autonomous Communities…

c)     Theme maps: depending on the topic (climate, population, history of migrations…).

 

Maps

A map uses different elements to give information:

-       

Oceans

Oceans are great spaces filled with salted water. They cover great part of the Earth surface. In our planet there are 5 oceans:

1)     Pacific Ocean: the larger one.

2)     Atlantic Ocean

3)     Indian Ocean

4)     Arctic Ocean

5)     Antarctic / Southern Ocean

Continents

Continents are great extensions of dry Earth over the seas. They are NOT countries. There are 6 continents in our planet:

1)     Europe

2)     America

3)     Africa

4)     Asia

5)     Oceania

6)     Antarctica